Zomangamanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga mafakitale, zomangamanga, ndi kupanga makina. Kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira izi moyenera ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yabwino komanso chitetezo. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fasteners:
Mitundu yoyambira ndi miyezo ya zomangira
Bolts (DIN 931, 933): Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi makina ndi kukonza zigawo zamapangidwe. DIN 931 ndi bawuti yokhala ndi theka, pomwe DIN 933 ndi bawuti yokhala ndi ulusi wonse.
Mtedza (DIN 934): Mtedza wamba wa hexagonal, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabawuti.
Ochapira (DIN 125, 9021): Mawotchi ophwanyika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa kupanikizika kwa bolts kapena mtedza kuti ateteze kuwonongeka kwa malo omangika.
Zomangira zokha (DIN 7981): Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira mbale zoonda popanda kubowola.
Makina ochapira masika (DIN 127): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mtedza kapena ma bolts kuti asamasuke pansi pa kugwedezeka kapena katundu wosunthika.
German standard fasteners zipangizo ndi magiredi
Chitsulo cha carbon: chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ndi choyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndipo zitsulo zapakati ndi zapamwamba za carbon ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Chitsulo cha alloy: zochitika zogwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri, monga zomangamanga, milatho ndi kupanga makina. Mphamvu zake nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa m'makalasi a 8.8, 10.9, ndi 12.9.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (A2, A4): A2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo osachita dzimbiri, ndipo A4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dzimbiri (monga zam'madzi ndi zam'madzi).
Galvanizing: Zitsulo za kaboni kapena zomangira zitsulo za aloyi zimakhala ndi malata (zopangidwa ndi magetsi kapena zotenthetsera) kuti ziwonjezeke kukana dzimbiri ndipo ndizoyenera malo akunja kapena achinyontho.
Magawo ofunsira
Zomangamanga: Zomangamanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, zolumikizira ma formwork mu kuthira konkriti, scaffolding ndi kukonza zida zomangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza njanji zama elevator ku khoma la shaft, kulumikizana pakati pa njanji ndi njanjimabatani njanji, ndi chithandizo chomangirira cha mabakiteriya amzati ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika. Maboti amphamvu kwambiri (monga giredi 10.9) ndi malata otentha otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kupanga kwamakina: Pazida zamakina, ma bawuti a DIN 933 ndi mtedza wa DIN 934 ndiwophatikiza kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma wacha athyathyathya komansoochapira masikakuonetsetsa kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana.
Makampani opanga magalimoto: Zomangira zitsulo zolimba kwambiri monga DIN 912 (mabowuti a hexagon) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto, makamaka m'magawo omwe amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
Zipangizo zapakhomo ndi zipangizo zamagetsi: Zomangira zing’onozing’ono monga DIN 7981 (zomangira paokha) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zitsulo kapena zigawo zapulasitiki popanda kuboola kale.
Kusankha kolondola ndi kukhazikitsa
Kufananiza kwamphamvu: Sankhani giredi lamphamvu loyenera malinga ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mabawuti a giredi 8.8 amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira zamphamvu zapakatikati, ndipo kalasi ya 12.9 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulumikizana kofunikira.
Njira zoletsa kumasula: Pamalo ogwedera kapena onyamula katundu, gwiritsani ntchito makina ochapira masika (DIN 127), mtedza wotsekera nayiloni kapena zotsekera ulusi wamadzimadzi kuti mtedza usagwere.
Njira zoletsa dzimbiri: M'malo akunja kapena achinyezi, zomangira zamalata kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakonda kukulitsa moyo wautumiki.
Kukhazikitsa torque control
Mafotokozedwe a torque: Pakuyika, ma bolt amayenera kumangidwa mosamalitsa molingana ndi ma torque kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa ulusi chifukwa cholimba kwambiri kapena kulephera kwa kulumikizana chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito wrench ya torque: Pamalumikizano ovuta, wrench ya torque iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti torque yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ili mkati mwazofunikira pamapangidwe, makamaka pakuyika ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri.
Kusamalira ndi kuyendera
Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse: Yang'anani nthawi zonse zomangira makiyi, makamaka mukamagwira ntchito kugwedezeka kwakukulu, katundu wolemetsa komanso malo otentha kwambiri, kuti muwonetsetse kuti zomangira sizimatayikira, zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka.
Kusintha kosinthika: Molingana ndi momwe zomangira zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito, ikani kuzungulira koyenera kuti mupewe zolephera zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutopa kapena dzimbiri.
Kutsata miyezo ndi malamulo
Kutsata mfundo za Germany: M'maprojekiti apadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka omwe akukhudzana ndi kutumiza kunja kapena mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kutsatira miyezo ya DIN. Onetsetsani kuti zomangira zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yaku Germany (monga DIN EN ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties standard for fasteners).
Chitsimikizo ndi kuyang'anira khalidwe: Onetsetsani kuti zomangira zomwe zagulidwa zikudutsa certification yofunikira komanso kuwunika kwamtundu (monga chiphaso cha ISO) kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthuzo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Kupyolera mu kumvetsetsa mozama komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha German standard fastener, chitetezo, kudalirika ndi kulimba kwa polojekitiyi zikhoza kukhala zabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-10-2024